Docker_installation

Chapter 02: Docker Installation

This chapter covers installing Docker on various operating systems. Docker can be installed on Linux, macOS, and Windows.

System Requirements

Linux

• 64-bit Linux kernel 3.10 or later
• Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, Fedora, or RHEL
• Root or sudo access

macOS

• 2010 or newer Mac
• macOS 10.15 (Catalina) or later
• At least 4GB RAM

Windows

• Windows 10/11 Pro, Enterprise, or Education
• Hyper-V and Containers features enabled
• At least 4GB RAM

---

Installing Docker on Ubuntu/Debian

Method 1: Using apt (Recommended)

# Update package index
sudo apt-get update

# Install dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

# Add Docker's official GPG key
sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# Set up the Docker repository
echo \
    "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
    $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# Update package index again
sudo apt-get update

# Install Docker Engine
sudo apt-get install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# Verify installation
sudo docker run hello-world

Method 2: Using convenience script

# Download and run the convenience script
curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
sudo sh get-docker.sh

# Add user to docker group (avoid using sudo)
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

# Log out and log back in for group membership to take effect

Post-Installation Steps

# Start Docker service
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker

# Check Docker version
docker --version

# Check Docker Compose version
docker compose version

# View Docker system information
docker system info

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Installing Docker on CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

CentOS/RHEL 8/9 or Fedora

# Install required packages
sudo dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core

# Set up the Docker repository
sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

# Install Docker Engine
sudo dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# Start and enable Docker
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker

# Verify installation
sudo docker run hello-world

---

Installing Docker on macOS

Option 1: Using Homebrew (Recommended)

# Install Homebrew if not already installed
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# Install Docker Desktop
brew install --cask docker

# Launch Docker Desktop from Applications
open -a Docker

Option 2: Manual Download

1. Go to Docker Desktop for Mac
2. Download the Apple Silicon or Intel version
3. Double-click the .dmg file
4. Drag Docker to Applications folder
5. Launch Docker Desktop

Verify Installation

# Check Docker version
docker --version

# Check Docker Compose version
docker compose version

# Run a test container
docker run hello-world

Docker Desktop for Mac Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Docker Desktop for Mac Architecture                       │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                             │
│   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                      Docker Desktop App                        │      │
│   │                                                                  │      │
│   │   ┌────────────────┐    ┌────────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐  │      │
│   │   │   Docker CLI   │    │   Docker API   │    │   UI/Config │  │      │
│   │   └────────────────┘    └────────────────┘    └─────────────┘  │      │
│   └────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                │                                             │
│                                ▼                                             │
│   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                    Linux VM (HyperKit)                          │      │
│   │                                                                  │      │
│   │   ┌────────────────┐    ┌────────────────┐                     │      │
│   │   │ Docker Daemon  │    │ Containerd     │                     │      │
│   │   │    (dockerd)   │    │                │                     │      │
│   │   └────────────────┘    └────────────────┘                     │      │
│   └────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                │                                             │
│   ┌────────────────────────────▼────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                     macOS Kernel                                 │      │
│   └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

---

Installing Docker on Windows

Prerequisites

1. Enable Hyper-V:

   • Open PowerShell as Administrator
   • Run: Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Hyper-V -All

2. Enable Containers:

   • Run: Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Containers -All

3. Restart computer

Installation Steps

1. Download Docker Desktop for Windows from docker.com

2. Run the installer (Docker Desktop Installer.exe)

3. Follow the installation wizard:

   • Accept the license
   • Choose “Use WSL 2 instead of Hyper-V” (recommended)
   • Complete installation

4. Start Docker Desktop

5. Verify with:

docker --version
docker run hello-world

Docker Desktop for Windows Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                  Docker Desktop for Windows Architecture                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                             │
│   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                      Docker Desktop App                         │      │
│   │                                                                  │      │
│   │   ┌────────────────┐    ┌────────────────┐    ┌─────────────┐  │      │
│   │   │   Docker CLI   │    │   Docker API   │    │   UI/GUI   │  │      │
│   │   └────────────────┘    └────────────────┘    └─────────────┘  │      │
│   └────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                │                                             │
│   ┌────────────────────────────▼────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                     WSL 2 Backend                               │      │
│   │                                                                  │      │
│   │   ┌────────────────┐    ┌────────────────┐                     │      │
│   │   │ Docker Engine │    │   containerd   │                     │      │
│   │   │    (dockerd)  │    │                │                     │      │
│   │   └────────────────┘    └────────────────┘                     │      │
│   └────────────────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                │                                             │
│   ┌────────────────────────────▼────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                    Linux Kernel (WSL2)                          │      │
│   └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                                                             │
│   ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐      │
│   │                    Windows Kernel                               │      │
│   └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘      │
│                                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

---

Docker Desktop vs Docker Engine

Docker Desktop

• Complete Docker development environment
• Includes Docker Engine, CLI, Docker Compose, Kubernetes
• GUI for management
• Paid for large enterprises
• Easy to install and use

Docker Engine (Standalone)

• Just the core Docker components
• CLI and daemon only
• Free and open-source
• Requires manual configuration
• Used in production Linux servers

---

Installing Docker Compose

Docker Compose is included in Docker Desktop installations. For Linux servers:

Method 1: Using apt/dnf

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt-get install docker-compose-plugin

# CentOS/RHEL/Fedora
sudo dnf install docker-compose-plugin

Method 2: Manual installation

# Download the current stable release
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# Apply executable permissions
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

# Verify installation
docker-compose --version

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Uninstalling Docker

Ubuntu/Debian

# Remove Docker packages
sudo apt-get purge -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

# Remove images, containers, volumes
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

macOS

# Using Homebrew
brew uninstall --cask docker

# Or remove manually
rm -rf ~/Library/Application\ Support/Docker
rm -rf ~/Library/Group\ Containers/group.com.docker

Windows

1. Open Docker Desktop
2. Go to Settings → Troubleshoot → Uninstall

---

Verifying Docker Installation

Run Hello World

$ docker run hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
2db29710123e: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:6
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

Check Docker Info

$ docker info

Client:
 Context:    default
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  build: Buildx
  compose: Docker Compose

Server:
 Containers: 2
 Images: 15
 Server Version: 24.0.0
 Storage Driver: overlay2

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Common Installation Issues

1. Permission Denied

# Add user to docker group
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

# Or use sudo for each command

2. Docker daemon not running

# Start Docker service
sudo systemctl start docker
sudo systemctl enable docker

3. WSL2 installation incomplete

# Update WSL2
wsl --update

# List installed distributions
wsl --list --verbose

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Next Steps

Now that Docker is installed, let’s learn about Docker Images in the next chapter.

• Chapter 03: Docker Images
• Chapter 04: Docker Containers